I. Women Enter the Electorate as Voters

A. Women Voters Outnumber Men at the Polls
B. Twenty-Something Citizens

II. The Gender Gap

A. The Source of the Gender Gap

III. Gender Differences in Political Participation Beyond the Ballot

A. Do Men and Women Specialize in Forms of Political Participation?
B. Access to Monetary and Political Resources
C. Do Men and Women Speak in Different Political Voices?
D. Levels of Political Interest Among Men and Women

IV. Explaining the Patterns of Participation

A. Socialization
B. Structural Barriers to Women's Participation
C. Cultural Messages: Counter-pressures to Political Activity

V. Mobilizing Women's Participation

A. Political Events and Issues Stimulate Interest and Raise Gender Consciousness
B. Organizations
C. The Role of Political Parties

VI. Conclusion