Use these outlines as a study guide, or refer to them for the topics covered in each chapter.
| | | |
Chapter 1: The Environment of Texas Politics (1) |
| Political Behavior Patterns (2) |
| Government, Politics, and Public Policy (2)
Political Culture (4)
Texas Political Culture (5)
|
| | | Texas Individualism (5)
Texas Traditionalism (6)
A Changing Culture? (7)
|
| The Land (7) |
| The Politics of Geography (7) |
| | | How Do We Compare…in Area? (8) |
| | Size (8)
Regions (9)
|
| Economic Geography (11) |
| | Cattle (11)
Cotton (12)
Oil (13)
|
| The People (14) |
| Demographic Features (15) |
| | Population Distribution (15) |
| | | How Do We Compare…in Population (16) |
| | Population Changes (16)
Urbanization (17)
Metropolitanization (17)
|
| Racial/Ethnic Groups (18) |
| | Anglos (19)
Latinos (19)
African Americans (21)
Asian Americans (22)
Native Americans (23)
|
| Searching for New Economic Directions (24) |
| Energy (25)
High Technology (25)
Biotechnology (26)
Services (27)
Agriculture (27)
Trade (29)
|
| Meeting New Challenges: Social and Economic Policy Issues (30) |
| Immigration: Federal and State Problems (30)
Water (32)
Environmental Protection (33)
Education and Economic Development (33)
Poverty and Social Problems (34)
|
Looking Ahead (35)
Chapter Summary (35)
Key Terms (36)
Discussion Questions (37)
Internet Resources (37)
Notes (37)
Selected Readings (41)
1.1 Populating Texas Joe Holley (41)
1.2 Immigration After 9/11 Edith Austin and Spencer Franklin (44)
|
|
Chapter 2: Federalism and the Texas Constitution (49) |
| The American Federal Structure (50) |
| The Distribution of Powers (50) |
| | Delegated and Implied Powers (51)
Limitations on the States (51)
Guarantees to the States (52)
|
| Interstate Relations and State Immunity (52)
State Powers (53)
An Evolving Process (54)
|
| The Texas Constitution: Politics of Policymaking (55) |
| | | How Do We Compare…in State Constitutions? (56) |
| Historical Developments (56) |
| | The First Six Texas Constitutions (57)
Drafting the Constitution of 1876 (59)
Distrust of Government and Its Consequences (60)
|
| Today: After More Than a Century of Usage (61) |
| | | How Do We Compare…in State Constitutional Amendments (62) |
| Constitutional Amendments and Revision (63) |
| Constitutional Revision (64)
The Revision Efforts of the 1970s (64)
|
| | The Constitutional Revision Commission (65)
The Legislative Constitutional Convention (66)
A Legislative Proposal (66)
The People Decide (66)
|
| Recent Revision Attempts (67)
Piecemeal Revision and Turnout for Voting on Amendments (68)
|
| The Texas Constitution: A Summary (69) |
| The Bill of Rights (70)
The Powers of Government (71)
Suffrage (72)
Local Governments (72)
Other Articles (73)
|
Looking Ahead (73)
Chapter Summary (74)
Key Terms (74)
Discussion Questions (74)
Internet Resources (75)
Notes (75)
Selected Readings (77)
2.1 Governor Had to Be Poll-Axed Kent Biffle (77)
2.2 Of Rutabagas and Redeemers: Rethinking the Texas Constitution of 1876 Patrick G. Williams (79)
2.3 Hermine Tobolowsky: Mother of Texas's Equal Legal Rights Amendment Tai Kreidler (84)
|
|
Chapter 3: Local Governments (89) |
| Overview of Grassroots Problems (90) |
| | | How Do We Compare…in Number of Cities and Counties (91) |
| Municipal Governments (91) |
| Legal Status of Municipalities (92)
Forms of Municipal Government (92)
|
| | Strong Mayor-Council (93)
Weak Mayor-Council (93)
Commission (96)
Council-Manager (96)
|
| Municipal Politics (98)
Municipal Services (100)
Municipal Government Revenue (100)
|
| | Taxes (101)
Fees (101)
Bonds (102)
Property Taxes and Tax Exemptions (102)
|
| Generating Revenue for Economic Development (102) |
| Counties (103) |
| Structure and Operation (104) |
| | Commissioners Court (104)
County Judge (107)
County Attorney and County Sheriff (108)
County Clerk and County Tax Assessor-Collector (108)
Other County Officers (109)
|
| County Finance (109) |
| | Taxation (109)
Revenues from Nontax Sources (110)
Expenditures (110)
|
| County Government Reform (111)
Border Counties (111)
|
| Special Districts (112) |
| Public School Districts (112)
The Politics Surrounding School Funding (113)
Junior or Community College Districts (113)
Noneducation Special Districts (115)
The Politics of Noneducation Special Districts (115)
| | |
| Metropolitan Areas (116) |
| Councils of Governments (116)
Municipal Annexation (118)
|
Looking Ahead (118)
Chapter Summary (119)
Key Terms (120)
Discussion Questions (120)
Internet Resources (120)
Notes (121)
Selected Readings (122)
3.1 Accentuate the Positive: How Laura Miller Was Elected Mayor of Dallas with a "Small Things" Agenda of Change Mary Clare Jalonick (122)
3.2 "Extreme" Term Limits-San Antonio Style Alexander E. Briseno (126)
3.3 Bottoms Up Cecilia Balli (130)
|
|
Chapter 4: The Politics of Elections and Parties (135) |
| Voting (136) |
| Obstacles to Voting (136) |
| | Literacy Tests (136)
Grandfather Clause (137)
Poll Tax (137)
All-White Primary (137)
Racial Gerrymandering (138)
Diluting Minority Votes (138)
|
| Democratization of the Ballot (138) |
| | Federal Voting Rights Legislation (138)
Qualifications for Voting (139)
Two Trends in the Suffrage (141)
Voting Early: In Person and By Mail (143)
|
| Electoral Politics (144) |
| Primaries (144) |
| | Development of Direct Primaries (144) |
| | | How Do We Compare…in Types of Primaries (145) |
| | Texas Primaries (145)
Administering Primaries (146)
Financing Primaries (147)
|
| Elections (148) |
| | General Elections (148)
Special Elections (148)
|
| Administering Elections (149) |
| | Voting Precincts (149)
Election Officials (149)
Voting Systems (150)
|
| Party Structure (152) |
| Temporary Party Organization (154) |
| | Precinct Conventions (154)
County and District Conventions (154)
State Conventions (155)
|
| Selection of National Convention Delegates (156) |
| | Democratic Selection (156)
Republican Selection (156)
|
| Permanent Party Organization (156) |
| | Precinct Chair (157)
County and District Executive Committees (157)
State Executive Committee (157)
|
| Political Democracy (158) |
| Ideology (158) |
| | Conservatism (159)
Liberalism (159)
| |
| An Overview of Texas Political History (160) |
| | 1840s-1870s: The Origin of the Party System (160)
1870s-1970s: A Dominant One-Party System (160)
1970s-1990s: An Emerging Two-Party System (162)
2000-2003: Republican Dominance (164)
|
| Political Parties (166) |
| Republican Party (166)
Democratic Party (167)
Third Parties (168)
|
| | Libertarian Party (169)
Green Party (169)
Reform Party (169)
|
| Racial/Ethnic Politics (170) |
| Latinos (170)
African Americans (172)
|
Women in Politics (173)
Political Campaigns (175)
|
| Conducting Campaigns in the Twenty-First Century (175) |
| | Nonissue Campaigns (175)
Importance of the Media (175)
Mudslide Campaigns (176)
|
| Campaign Reform (177) |
| | Eliminating Negative Campaigns (177)
Increasing Free Media Access (177)
|
| Campaign Finance (178) |
| | | How Do We Compare…in Political Contributions? (179) |
Looking Ahead (180)
Chapter Summary (181)
Key Terms (182)
Discussion Questions (183)
Internet Resources (183)
Notes (183)
Selected Readings (185)
4.1 Elephant Wars: The Christian Right Flexes Its Muscle at the Republican Convention Jake Bernstein (185)
4.2 Swept Away Paul Burka (189)
|
|
Chapter 5: The Politics of Interest Groups (193) |
| Interest Groups in the Political Process (194) |
| What Is an Interest Group? (194)
Political Parties and Interest Groups (194)
Factors Fostering Interest Group Formation (195)
|
| | Legal and Cultural Influences (195)
Decentralized Structures of Governance (196)
Decentralized Party System and Deemphasized Ideologies (196)
|
| Organization of Interest Groups (196) |
| Organizational Patterns (197)
Membership (197)
Leadership (197)
|
| Classification of Interest Groups (198) |
| Economic Groups (199) |
| | Business Groups (199)
Labor Groups (199)
|
| Professional and Government Employee Groups (200) |
| | Professional Groups (201)
Government Employee Groups (201)
|
| Social Groups (202) |
| | Racial and Ethnic Groups (202)
Women's Groups (203)
Religious-Based Groups (203)
|
| Public Interest Groups (203)
Texas Power Groups (204)
|
Interest Group Activities (205)
Techniques of Interest Groups (206)
|
| Lobbying (207)
Personal Communication (207)
Favors and Gifts (209)
Grassroots Activities (209)
Electioneering (209)
Campaign Financing by Political Action Committees (210)
|
| | | How Do We Compare…in PAC Contributions for the 2000 Presidential Election? (210)
How Do We Compare…in Total PAC Contributions for the 2002 Congressional Election (211)
|
| Bribery and Unethical Practices (212) |
Regulation of Interest Group Politics (213)
Interest Group Power and Public Policy (215)
Pinpointing Political Power (215)
Looking Ahead (216)
Chapter Summary (216)
Key Terms (217)
Discussion Questions (217)
Internet Resources (217)
Notes (217)
Selected Readings (219)
5.1 PGA Village Diane M. Duesterhoeft (219)
5.2 Political Watchdogs on Patrol Jay Root (223)
5.3 Taking Part in the Texas Municipal League's Lobbying Effort: A Dozen Golden Rules for Grassroots Involvement (225)
|
|
Chapter 6: The Legislature (229) |
A Preliminary View (230)
Legislative Framework (231)
|
| Composition (232) |
| | | How Do We Compare…in State Legislature Seats? (233) |
| Election and Terms of Office (234)
Sessions (234)
Districting (235)
|
| Compensation (240) |
| Pay and Per Diem Allowance (240) |
| | | How Do We Compare…in Salary of Legislators? (241) |
| Contingency Expense Allowances (241)
Retirement Pension (242)
|
| Membership (243) |
| Qualifications of Members (243)
Characteristics of Members (243)
|
| | Gender Classification (245)
Racial/Ethnic Classification (245)
Political Party Affiliation (246)
Age (247)
Occupation (247)
Education (248)
Religious Affiliation (248)
Legislative Experience (248)
| |
| Powers and Immunities (250) |
| Legislative Powers (250) |
| | Simple Resolutions (250)
Concurrent Resolutions (250)
Joint Resolutions (250)
|
| | | How Do We Compare…in Number of Bills Introduced and Enacted in the Legislature? (251) |
| | Bills (251) |
| Other Powers (252) |
| | Constitutional Amendment Power (252)
Administrative Power (252)
Investigative Power (252)
Impeachment Power (253)
|
| Immunities (253) |
| Presiding Officers (253) |
| President of the Senate: The Lieutenant Governor (254)
Speaker of the House (255)
|
| Committee System (257) |
| House Committees (257)
Senate Committees (259)
|
| Legislative Caucus System (259) |
| Party Caucuses (260)
Racial/Ethnic Caucuses (260)
Ideological Caucuses (261)
|
| Procedure (262) |
| Rules (262)
A Bill Becomes a Law (262)
|
| | 1. Introduction in the House (265)
2. First reading (House) and referral to committee (265)
3. House committee consideration and report (265)
4. Second reading (House) (266)
5. Third reading (House) (267)
6. First reading (Senate) (268)
7. Senate committee consideration and report (268)
8. Second reading (Senate) (268)
9. Third reading (Senate) (269)
10. Return to the House (269)
11. Conference committee (269)
12. Conference committee report (269)
13. Enrollment (269)
14. Signatures of the chief clerk and speaker (269)
15. Signatures of the secretary of the Senate and the lieutenant governor (269)
16. Action by the governor (269)
|
| Influences Within the Legislative Environment (270) |
| The Governor (270)
Judges, the Attorney General, and the Comptroller of Public Accounts (271)
Lobbyists (271)
Research Organizations (273)
|
| | The Legislative Council (273)
The House Research Organization (273)
The Senate Research Center (274)
The Center for Public Policy Priorities (274)
The Texas Public Policy Foundation (274)
|
| The Media (274) |
Progress Toward Legislative Reform (275)
Looking Ahead (275)
Chapter Summary (276)
Key Terms (277)
Discussion Questions (277)
Internet Resources (277)
Notes (277)
Selected Readings (280)
6.1 Legislative Redistricting and Electoral Results in the Twenty-First Century: Texas and California Lyle C. Brown and Jerry Wilkins (280)
6.2 Watch Him Pull a Rabbit Out of a Hat Christy Hoppe (284)
6.3 Foundation Erred in Invoking Names Laylan Copelin (287)
|
|
Chapter 7: The Executive (292) |
Looking Back (293)
Overview of the Governorship (295)
|
| Gubernatorial Politics (295) |
| | | How Do We Compare…in Qualifications for the Office of Governor? (297) |
| Election (297) |
| | | How Do We Compare…in Governor's Compensation and Staff Size? (300) |
| Compensation (300)
Succession (300)
Removal from Office (301)
Staff (302)
|
| Powers of the Governor (303) |
| Executive Powers (303) |
| | Appointive Power (303)
Removal Power (304)
Military Power (305)
Law Enforcement Power (305)
Budgetary Power (306)
Executive Orders and Proclamations (306)
Economic Development Leadership (307)
|
| Legislative Powers (307) |
| | Message Power (307)
Veto Power (308)
Special-Sessions Power (309)
|
| Judicial Powers (309) |
| | Appointment and Removal of Judges and Justices (309)
Acts of Executive Clemency (309)
Parole (310)
|
| Informal Powers (310) |
| The Plural Executive (311) |
| The Lieutenant Governor (312)
The Attorney General (313)
The Comptroller of Public Accounts (315)
The Commissioner of the General Land Office (316)
The Commissioner of Agriculture (317)
The Secretary of State (317)
|
Looking Ahead (318)
Chapter Summary (319)
Key Terms (319)
Discussion Questions (320)
Internet Resources (320)
Notes (320)
Selected Readings (322)
7.1 Firms Help Pay the Tab George Kuempel (322)
7.2 Executive Order Creating the Governor's Clean Coal Technology Council (324)
7.3 Excerpts from Governor Rick Perry's State of the State Address, 13 February 2003 Rick Perry (326)
|
|
Chapter 8: Public Policy and Administration (332) |
| Overview of Public Policy and Administration (333)
State Employees (334)
|
| Number (334) |
| | | How Do We Compare…in Number of State Employees? (335) |
| Compensation (335) |
| | | How Do We Compare…in State Employee Compensation? (335) |
| Customer Service (336) |
| Education (337) | | | |
| Public Schools (337) |
| | State Board of Education (337)
Texas Education Agency (341)
Charter Schools (341)
Testing (341)
|
| Colleges and Universities (342) |
| | Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (344)
Boards of Regents (346)
The Bakke and Hopwood Cases (346)
|
| Social Services (348) |
| Human Services (349)
Health (350)
Mental Health and Mental Retardation (350)
Employment (351)
|
| Economic Policies (351) |
| Business Regulation (351) |
| | Public Utilities (352)
Insurance (353)
|
| Business Promotion (356) |
| | Highways (356)
Tourism and Trade (357)
Certification of Trades and Professions (357)
|
| Environmental Issues (358) |
| Air and Water (358)
Hazardous Waste (360)
|
| Homeland Security (361) |
| Texas Responds to the Terrorist Threat (362)
Federal Funding for Antiterrorism (362)
|
Too Many Agencies? (363)
Looking Ahead (364)
Chapter Summary (364)
Key Terms (365)
Discussion Questions (365)
Internet Resources (366)
Notes (366)
Selected Readings (369)
8.1 Capital Has Been Spent, But Education Post Shouldn't Be for Sale (369)
8.2 Schools of Hard Knocks Matt Flores (371)
8.3 Is Plan Cutting Electric Costs? Sudeep Reddy (375)
|
|
Chapter 9: Laws, Courts, and Justice (379) |
An Introduction to Texas's Justice System (380)
State Law in Texas (380)
|
| Sources of Law (381)
Code Revision (381)
|
| Courts, Judges, and Lawyers (382) |
| Local Trial Courts (382) |
| | Municipal Courts (382)
Justice of the Peace Court (386)
Small-Claims Courts (387)
|
| County Trial Courts (387) |
| | Constitutional County Courts (387)
County Courts-at-Law (388)
Probate Courts (388)
|
| State Trial Courts (388) |
| | District Courts (389)
Criminal District Courts (390)
|
| Appellate Courts (390) |
| | Courts of Appeals (391)
Court of Criminal Appeals (391)
|
| | | How Do We Compare…in Salaries of Highest Court Justices and Judges? (392) |
| | Supreme Court (392) |
| Disciplining and Removing Judges and Justices (394)
Lawyers (395)
|
| | Legal Services for the Poor (396)
Self-Help Legal Software (397)
Internet Sites (397)
|
| Juries (398) |
| Grand Jury (398)
Trial Jury (399)
|
| | Qualifications of Jurors (399)
Selection of Jurors (400)
Compensation of Jurors (401)
Cameras in the Jury Room (401)
|
| Judicial Procedures (402) |
| Civil Justice System (402)
Civil Trial Procedure (403)
|
| | Pretrial Actions (403)
Trial of a Civil Case (404)
Appeal of a Civil Case (404)
|
| Criminal Justice System (405) |
| | Graded Penalties (405)
Enhanced Punishment (405)
Capital Punishment (405)
|
| | | How Do We Compare…in Executions? (407) |
| Criminal Trial Procedure (409) |
| | Trial of a Criminal Case (411)
Verdict and Sentence (411)
Appeal of a Criminal Case (411)
|
| Correction and Rehabilitation (412) |
| | | How Do We Compare…in Prison Population? (413) |
| A Changing Focus (413)
The Texas Department of Criminal Justice (414)
The Criminal Justice Policy Council (416)
State Institutions of Corrections for Adults (416)
|
| | Prison Problems (418)
State Felony Jails (419)
|
| Local Government Jails (420) |
| | County Jails (420)
Municipal Jails (420)
|
| Private Prisons (421)
Supervision of Released Offenders (421)
|
| | Community Supervision (421)
Parole (422)
Rehabilitation (423)
|
| Juvenile Justice (424) |
| State and Local Agencies (425)
Procedures and Institutions (425)
|
| | Referral (425)
Court Procedures (425)
Texas Youth Commission Facilities (426)
Prevention (426)
|
| Problems and Reforms: Implications for Public Policy (427) |
| Coping with Crowded Dockets (427)
Judicial Selection (428)
Rights of Crime Victims (429)
|
Looking Ahead (430)
Chapter Summary (431)
Key Terms (432)
Discussion Questions (432)
Internet Resources (432)
Notes (433)
Selected Readings (434)
9.1 In Drug Court, Success Is Sweet Thom Marshall (434)
9.2 A Caring Mom's Idea Led to Plan Bud Kennedy (435)
|
|
Chapter 10: Revenues, Expenditures, and Fiscal Policy
(439) |
Looking Back (440)
Enduring Policy Issues (442)
|
| Public School Pressures (442)
Highway Demands (443)
Prison Stresses (443)
Welfare Strains (445)
|
| Traditional Fiscal Policies (446) |
| Budget Policy (447)
Taxing Policy (448)
|
| | | How Do We Compare in…State Sales Tax Revenues? (448) |
| Spending Policy (449) |
| Politics of Budgeting and Fiscal Management (450) |
| Budgeting (450) |
| | Legislative Budget Board (450)
Office of Budget, Planning, and Policy (451)
Budget Preparation (452)
|
| Tax Collection (455)
Lottery and Bingo Supervision (456)
Investment of Public Funds (456)
Purchasing (456)
Accounting (457)
Auditing (458)
|
| Politics of Revenue and Debt Management (458) |
| The Politics of Taxation (458)
Current Trends in Texas Taxation (458)
|
| | Sales Taxes (459) |
| | | How Do We Compare…in Revenue Losses from Internet Sales? (461) |
| | Business Taxes (462)
Death Tax (463)
Tax Burden (464)
Tax Reform (464)
|
| Revenue from Gambling (464) |
| | Racing (465)
Lottery (465)
Bingo (466)
|
| Nontax Revenues (466) |
| | Federal Grants-in-Aid (467)
Land Revenues (469)
The Tobacco Suit Windfall (469)
Miscellaneous Sources (470)
|
| The Public Debt (470) |
| | Growth of Bonded Debt (471)
Bond Review (472)
|
| The Politics of Spending (472) |
| | | How Do We Compare…in Per Capita Expenditure by Function? (473) |
| Purchasing Services (473) |
| | Public Schools: Kindergarten Through High School (474)
Public Higher Education (476)
Human Services (478)
Public Transportation (480)
Public Safety Programs (481)
|
| Spending to Perform Services (482) |
| | Aid to Political Subdivisions (482)
Administrative Costs (482)
|
Looking Ahead (482)
Chapter Summary (483)
Key Terms (484)
Discussion Questions (485)
Internet Resources (485)
Notes (485)
Selected Readings (487)
10.1Governor Perry's Budget for Fiscal Years 2004-2005: Two Opposing Views (487)
10.1A Bottom Line on Why My Budget for Texas Starts at Zero Governor Rick Perry (487)
10.1B Perry Gets Big Zero for Zero-Based Budget Play Representative Paul Moreno (489)
10.2 Pediatrician Views Health Care Through Eyes of the Future: A Prescription for Compassion Jeannie Kever (490)
|
|
| Selected Sources for Research (S-1) |
| Electronic Sources (S-1)
Printed Sources (S-2)
|
| Bibliographies (S-2)
References (S-3)
State Government Documents (S-5)
Newsletters (S-6)
Periodicals (S-6)
Texas Government Textbooks and Readers (S-7)
|
| Credits (C-1) |
| Glossary (G-1) |
| Index (I-1) |
|
