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• Overview |
• About the Author |
• Table of Contents
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Table of Contents

Note: Each chapter concludes with For Review, Key Terms, and Questions and Exercises.
1. Chemical Foundations
1.1 Chemistry: An Overview
1.2 The Scientific Method
1.3 Units of Measurement
1.4 Uncertainty in Measurement
1.5 Significant Figures and Calculations
1.6 Dimensional Analysis
1.7 Temperature
1.8 Density
1.9 Classification of Matter
2. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
2.1 The Early History of Chemistry
2.2 Fundamental Chemical Laws
2.3 Dalton's Atomic Theory
2.4 Early Experiments to Characterize the Atom
2.5 The Modern View of Atomic Structure: An Introduction
2.6 Molecules and Ions
2.7 An Introduction to the Periodic Table
2.8 Naming Simple Compounds
3. Stoichiometry
3.1 Counting by Weighing
3.2 Atomic Masses
3.3 The Mole
3.4 Molar Mass
3.5 Percent Composition of Compounds
3.6 Determining the Formula of a Compound
3.7 Chemical Equations
3.8 Balancing Chemical Equations
3.9 Stoichiometric Calculations: Amounts of Reactants and Products
3.10 Calculations Involving a Limiting Reactant
4. Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
4.1 Water, the Common Solvent
4.2 The Nature of Aqueous Solutions: Strong and Weak Electrolytes
4.3 The Composition of Solutions
4.4 Types of Chemical Reactions
4.5 Precipitation Reactions
4.6 Describing Reactions in Solution
4.7 Stoichiometry of Precipitation Reactions
4.8 Acid-Base Reactions
4.9 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
4.10 Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations
5. Gases
5.1 Pressure
5.2 The Gas Laws of Boyle, Charles, and Avogadro
5.3 The Ideal Gas Law
5.4 Gas Stoichiometry
5.5 Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
5.6 The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
5.7 Effusion and Diffusion
5.8 Real Gases
5.9 Characteristics of Several Real Gases
5.10 Chemistry in the Atmosphere
6. Thermochemistry
6.1 The Nature of Energy
6.2 Enthalpy and Calorimetry
6.3 Hess's Law
6.4 Standard Enthalpies of Formation
6.5 Present Sources of Energy
6.6 New Energy Sources
7. Atomic Structure and Periodicity
7.1 Electromagnetic Radiation
7.2 The Nature of Matter
7.3 The Atomic Spectrum of Hydrogen
7.4 The Bohr Model
7.5 The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
7.6 Quantum Numbers
7.7 Orbital Shapes and Energies
7.8 Electron Spin and the Pauli Principle
7.9 Polyelectronic Atoms
7.10 The History of the Periodic Table
7.11 The Aufbau Principle and the Periodic Table
7.12 Periodic Trends in Atomic Properties
7.13 The Properties of a Group: The Alkali Metals
8. Bonding: General Concepts
8.1 Types of Chemical Bonds
8.2 Electronegativity
8.3 Bond Polarity and Dipole Moments
8.4 Ions: Electron Configurations and Sizes
8.5 Energy Effects in Binary Ionic Compounds
8.6 Partial Ionic Character of Covalent Bonds
8.7 The Covalent Chemical Bond: A Model
8.8 Covalent Bond Energies and Chemical Reactions
8.9 The Localized Electron Bonding Model
8.10 Lewis Structures
8.11 Exceptions to the Octet Rule
8.12 Resonance
8.13 Molecular Structure: The VSEPR Model
9. Covalent Bonding: Orbitals
9.1 Hybridization and the Localized Electron Model
9.2 The Molecular Orbital Model
9.3 Bonding in Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules
9.4 Bonding in Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules
9.5 Combining the Localized Electron and Molecular Orbital Models
10. Liquids and Solids
10.1 Intermolecular Forces
10.2 The Liquid State
10.3 An Introduction to Structures and Types of Solids
10.4 Structure and Bonding in Metals
10.5 Carbon and Silicon: Network Atomic Solids
10.6 Molecular Solids
10.7 Ionic Solids
10.8 Vapor Pressure and Changes of State
10.9 Phase Diagrams
11. Properties of Solutions
11.1 Solution Composition
11.2 The Energies of Solution Formation
11.3 Factors Affecting Solubility
11.4 The Vapor Pressures of Solutions
11.5 Boiling-Point Elevation and Freezing-Point Depression
11.6 Osmotic Pressure
11.7 Colligative Properties of Electrolyte Solutions
11.8 Colloids
12. Chemical Kinetics
12.1 Reaction Rates
12.2 Rate Laws: An Introduction
12.3 Determining the Form of the Rate Law
12.4 The Integrated Rate Law
12.5 Rate Laws: A Summary
12.6 Reaction Mechanisms
12.7 A Model for Chemical Kinetics
12.8 Catalysis
13. Chemical Equilibrium
13.1 The Equilibrium Condition
13.2 The Equilibrium Constant
13.3 Equilibrium Expressions Involving Pressures
13.4 Heterogeneous Equilibria
13.5 Applications of the Equilibrium Constant
13.6 Solving Equilibrium Problems
13.7 Le Châtelier's Principle
14. Acids and Bases
14.1 The Nature of Acids and Bases
14.2 Acid Strength
14.3 The pH Scale
14.4 Calculating the pH of Strong Acid Solutions
14.5 Calculating the pH of Weak Acid Solutions
14.6 Bases
14.7 Polyprotic Acids
14.8 Acid-Base Properties of Salts
14.9 The Effect of Structure on Acid-Base Properties
14.10 Acid-Base Properties of Oxides
14.11 The Lewis Acid-Base Model
14.12 Strategy for Solving Acid-Base Problems: A Summary
15. Applications of Aqueous Equilibria
Acid-Base Equilibria
15.1 Solutions of Acids or Bases Containing a Common Ion
15.2 Buffered Solutions
15.3 Buffer Capacity
15.4 Titrations and pH Curves
15.5 Acid-Base Indicators
Solubility Equilibria
15.6 Solubility Equilibria and the Solubility Product
15.7 Precipitation and Qualitative Analysis
Complex Ion Equilibria
15.8 Equilibria Involving Complex Ions
16. Spontaneity, Entropy, and Free Energy
16.1 Spontaneous Processes and Entropy
16.2 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
16.3 The Effect of Temperature on Spontaneity
16.4 Free Energy
16.5 Entropy Changes in Chemical Reactions
16.6 Free Energy and Chemical Reactions
16.7 The Dependence of Free Energy on Pressure
16.8 Free Energy and Equilibrium
16.9 Free Energy and Work
17. Electrochemistry
17.1 Galvanic Cells
17.2 Standard Reduction Potentials
17.3 Cell Potential, Electrical Work, and Free Energy
17.4 Dependence of Cell Potential on Concentration
17.5 Batteries
17.6 Corrosion
17.7 Electrolysis
17.8 Commercial Electrolytic Processes
18. The Nucleus: A Chemist's View
18.1 Nuclear Stability and Radioactive Decay
18.2 The Kinetics of Radioactive Decay
18.3 Nuclear Transformations
18.4 Detection and Uses of Radioactivity
18.5 Thermodynamic Stability of the Nucleus
18.6 Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion
18.7 Effects of Radiation
19. The Representative Elements: Groups 1A Through 4A
19.1 A Survey of the Representative Elements
19.2 The Group 1A Elements
19.3 Hydrogen
19.4 The Group 2A Elements
19.5 The Group 3A Elements
19.6 The Group 4A Elements
20. The Representative Elements: Groups 5A Through 8A
20.1 The Group 5A Elements
20.2 The Chemistry of Nitrogen
20.3 The Chemistry of Phosphorus
20.4 The Group 6A Elements
20.5 The Chemistry of Oxygen
20.6 The Chemistry of Sulfur
20.7 The Group 7A Elements
20.8 The Group 8A Elements
21. Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry
21.1 The Transition Metals: A Survey
21.2 The First-Row Transition Metals
21.3 Coordination Compounds
21.4 Isomerism
21.5 Bonding in Complex Ions: The Localized Electron Model
21.6 The Crystal Field Model
21.7 The Biologic Importance of Coordination Complexes
21.8 Metallurgy and Iron and Steel Production
22. Organic and Biological Molecules
22.1 Alkanes: Saturated Hydrocarbons
22.2 Alkenes and Alkynes
22.3 Aromatic Hydrocarbons
22.4 Hydrocarbon Derivatives
22.5 Polymers
22.6 Natural Polymers
Appendix 1: Mathematical Procedures
A1.1. Exponential Notation
A1.2 Logarithms
A1.3 Graphing Functions
A1.4 Solving Quadratic Equations
A1.5 Uncertainties in Measurements
Appendix 2: The Quantitative Kinetic Molecular Model
Appendix 3: Spectral Analysis
Appendix 4: Selected Thermodynamic Data
Appendix 5: Equilibrium Constants and Reduction Potentials
A5.1 Values of Ka for Some Common Monoprotic Acids
A5.2 Stepwise Dissociation Constants for Several Common Polyprotic Acids
A5.3 Values of Kb for Some Common Weak Bases
A5.4 Ksp Values at 25 degrees Celsius for Common Ionic Solids
A5.5 Standard Reduction Potentials at 25 degrees Celsius (298K) for Many Common Half-Reactions
Appendix 6: SI Units and Conversion Factors