1. A Tale of Killing the Golden Goose
Why was Antoine Laurent Lavoisier considered to be "The Father of Chemistry" and what was his fate? What is the major problem with the phlogiston theory and how did Lavoisier solve it with his law of conservation of mass? What was the impact of Lavoisier's solution? With regard to combustion, what did Lavoisier and his friends find? How were his experiments conducted? How might you be able to use what you've learned about Antoine Lavoisier in your own life?

Discover more about Lavoisier and answer these questions by following the links below.

Consider This Before Answering the Questions
Governments (and governmental agents/agencies) are not always wise. A case in point is the story of Antoine Laurent Lavoisier. Although this exercise is not an interactive one, Lavoisier's story-and his contributions to science (not to mention philosopher, agriculturalist, and social reformer)-is worth exploring.

• Visit http://cti.itc.virginia.edu/~meg3c/classes/tcc313/200Rprojs/lavoisier2/home.html to find a site devoted to the man considered to be "The Father of Chemistry."
• Following a short history of this most remarkable man, the remaining text covers his scientific endeavors, all of which are relevant to this course.
• Most particularly related to Chapter 12, though, is the section on the Phlogiston Theory, the major problem with that theory, and Lavoisier's solution, the Law of Conservation of Mass.
• From reading the theory, you should be able to state what it explained, the problem with it, and the impact of Lavoisier's solution.
• Do read beyond that section to explore some of his other scientific work, the Method of Chemical Nomenclature that he and some of his colleagues used to classify the distinctions between elements, general information about the common gases carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen, and his theory of combustion.

After You Answer the Questions
Why is it that we can consider Lavoisier an excellent discoverer?

2. The Ties That Bind-or Bond
What is chemical bonding? What are polar covalent bonds and identifying bonds? Who was Linus Pauling and why do you think he was the only person to have won two Nobel prizes (at least without having to share with someone else)? What relationship does chemical bonding have with your life?

Visit http://www.physicalscience.college/hmco.com/students to explore answers to these questions.

Consider This Before Answering the Questions

• An excellent web site can be found at http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/3.asp (this site offers generous glimpses into its own more extensive program, and this entire lesson on Types of Chemical Bonding is particularly helpful).
• There are a total of five sections: the introduction and four focus topics (atoms that share: covalent bonds; fatal attraction: ionic bonds; rules of the atomic playground: polar covalent bonds; and identifying bonds).
• As you proceed through these five consecutive lessons (click next on each page), answer the questions as you go before they are answered for you; click on the links (most graphics are links that expand on the text); and test yourself by answering the questions and doing the "Beyond Books Interactive" at the end of the last two sections (polar covalent bonds and identifying bonds).
• In the section on polar covalent bonds, take a side trip to "Bond and Molecular Polarity" by clicking on the links at the graphics ("bonded hydrogen atoms showing equal charge distribution") http://www2.gasou.edu/chemdept/general/molecule/polar.htm.
• Go back to the covalent bond section once again and click on the link at the photo of Linus Pauling http://www.paulingexhibit.org/bio/sec_01.html to learn more about this amazing American chemist who is the only person to have won two Nobel prizes.

After You Answer the Questions
Do you now know how Pauling's research has affected you (think about this and, amongst other things, think about how much orange juice you drink and why)? You might also want to link to the WIC Biography to read more about him.