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The American Experiment: A History of the United States, Second Edition
Steven M. Gillon, University of Oklahoma
Cathy D. Matson, University of Delaware
et al.
Chapter Outlines

The following is an overview of the major themes, topics, and issues addressed in this chapter, designed to assist with note taking and review.

Chapter 1: Out of Old Worlds, New Worlds
Chapter 2: The First Experiments, 1540-1680
Chapter 3: Imperial Connections, 1660-174?
Chapter 4: Colonial Maturation and Conflict, 1680-1754
Chapter 5: Forging the American Experiment, 1754-1775
Chapter 6: Winning Independence, 1775-1783
Chapter 7: The Federal Experiment, 1783-1800
Chapter 8: Striving for Nationhood, 1800-1824
Chapter 9: An Emerging Capitalist Nation, 1790-1820
Chapter 10: Transforming the Political Culture, 1820-1840
Chapter 11: Industry and Reform in the North, 1820-1850
Chapter 12: Living with Slavery, North and South, 1820-1850
Chapter 13: The Westward Experiment, 1820-1850
Chapter 14: The Sectional Challenge, 1848-1860
Chapter 15: Transforming the Experiment: The Civil War, 1861-1865
Chapter 16: Reconstruction and the New South, 1864-1900
Chapter 17: Conquering the West, 1862-1900
Chapter 18: The Industrial Experiment, 1865-1900
Chapter 19: The New Urban Nation, 1865-1910
Chapter 20: State and Society, 1877-1900
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1889-1916
Chapter 22: The Experiment in American Empire, 1865-1917
Chapter 23: Making the World Safe for Democracy: America and World War I, 1914-1920
Chapter 24: The New Era, 1920-1928
Chapter 25: "Fear Itself": Crash, Depression, and the New Deal, 1929-1938
Chapter 26: War and Society, 1933-1945
Chapter 27: The Cold War, 1945-1952
Chapter 28: The Consumer Society, 1945-1960
Chapter 29: Consensus and Confrontation, 1960-1968
Chapter 30: The Politics of Polarization, 1969-1979
Chapter 31: The Reagan Experiment, 1979-1988
Chapter 32: America After the Cold War, 1988-2000
Chapter 33: Epilogue: The Challenges of the New Century




Chapter 1: Out of Old Worlds, New Worlds

  1. The First Americans
  1. Earliest North Americans
  1. Land Bridge at Beringia
  • North American Cultures
    1. Adena
    2. Cahokia
    3. Hohokam
    4. Anasazi
    5. Athapaskans
    6. Pueblo
    7. Navajo
    8. Algonquian-speaking cultures
    9. Five Great Nations of the Iroquois
    1. Great League of Peace
  • Mesoamerican and South American Cultures
    1. Olmec
    2. Toltec
    3. Maya
    4. Aztec
    1. Tenochtitlan
    2. Huitzilopochtli
  • Inca
    1. Pachakuti
    2. Cuzco
  • Old World Peoples in Africa and Europe
    1. West African Cultures and Kingdoms
    1. Kingdom of Ghana
    2. Kingdom of Songhai (Mali)
    1. Timbuktu
  • Traditional European Societies
    1. Peasant Life
    2. The Black Death
    3. Early Explorers
    1. Erik the Red
    2. Leif Erikson
  • Catalysts of Commercial Transformation
    1. The Crusades
    2. Marco Polo
  • Europe's Internal Transformation
    1. Agriculture and Commerce
    2. Enclosure Acts
    3. Sir Thomas More
    1. Utopia
  • The Nation-State
    1. Portugal
    1. John I
  • Spain
    1. Ferdinand & Isabella
    2. Spanish Inquisition
  • France
    1. Louis XI
  • England
    1. War of the Roses
    2. Henry VII
  • Renaissance
    1. Navigation Instruments
    1. Compass
    2. Astrolabe
    3. Sextant
  • Michelangelo
  • Galileo Galilei
  • William Shakespeare
  • Niccolo Machiavelli
    1. The Prince
  • The Reformation
    1. Catholic Church
    1. Indulgences
  • Martin Luther
    1. St. Thomas Aquinas
    2. St. Augustine of Hippo
    3. Ninety-Five Theses
  • John Calvin
  • John Knox
  • St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
  • Henry IV
    1. Edict of Nantes
  • Henry VIII
    1. Anglican Church
  • Mary
  • Elizabeth I
  • From Across the Seas
    1. Portuguese Exploration and African Slavery
    1. History of Slavery
    1. Slavs
    2. Chattel
  • Portugal
    1. Prince Henry the Navigator
    2. Offshore slave "factories"
    3. Bartholomeu Dias
    4. Vasco da Gama
  • Columbus
    1. Ferdinand and Isabella
    2. San Salvador
    3. Hispaniola
    1. Taino Indians
  • Treaty of Tordesillas
  • Amerigo Vespucci
  • Martin Waldseemuller
  • The Spanish Century
    1. Conquistadors
    2. Vasco Nunez de Balboa
    3. Hernan Cortes
    1. Tenochtitlan
    2. Ala Malinche
    3. Montezuma
    4. Quetzalcoatl
  • Francisco Pizarro
    1. Cuzco
    2. Atahualpa
  • Juan Ponce de Leon
    1. Pascua Florida
  • Panfilo de Narvaez
    1. Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca
    2. Cibola
  • Hernando de Soto
  • Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
  • Effects of Contact
    1. Columbian Exchange
    2. Slavery
    1. Midpassage
  • New Foods
  • Silver
  • European Diseases

    • Top



    Chapter 2: The First Experiments, 1540-1680

    1. Struggles for New World Dominion
    1. Governing Spain's Empire
    1. St. Augustine
    2. Viceroys
    3. Encomienda System
    4. Potosi
    5. New Mexico
    1. Juan de Onate
    2. Acoma
  • French Toeholds
    1. Jean Ribault
    1. Parris Island
  • Fort Caroline
  • Jacques Cartier
  • St. Lawrence River
  • Samuel de Champlain
    1. Acadia
    2. Quebec City
  • Louis Jolliet
  • Jacques Marquette
  • Sieur de LaSalle
    1. Louisiana
  • Dutch Republican Colonies
    1. Dutch East India Company
    1. Burghers
    2. Henry Hudson
    3. Fort Nassau
  • Dutch West India Company
    1. Pierre Minuit
    2. Manhattan
    1. New Amsterdam
  • New Netherland
    1. Patronen
    2. Bouweries
  • Willem Kieft
  • Pieter Stuyvesant
  • New Sweden
    1. Fort Christina
  • Early English Exploration and Settlement
    1. John Cabot
    1. "Newe founde lande"
  • Sea Dogs
    1. Sir Francis Drake
      Golden Hind
    1. Sir Humphrey Gilbert
    2. Sir Walter Ralegh
      1. Virginia
      2. Lost Colony of Roanoke
      1. John White
      2. Virginia Dare
      3. Richard Hakluyt
    3. England's Southern Plantings
      1. Virginia's Beginnings
      1. Virginia Company
      2. Jamestown
      1. Powhatan
      2. John Smith
      3. Sir Thomas Gates
      4. Baron De la Warr
      5. Pocahontas
      6. John Rolfe
      7. Opechancanough
    4. Tobacco
    5. Headright System
    6. House of Burgesses
    7. Founding Maryland
      1. George Calvert, Lord Baltimore
      2. Cecilius Calvert
    8. Life and Labor in the Chesapeake
      1. Indentured Servants
      2. "Freedom Dues"
    9. Sugar and Slavery in the Caribbean
      1. Brazilian Agricultural Methods
      2. "White Gold"
      3. Dutch Slave Trade
    10. Tobacco and Slavery in the Chesapeake
      1. John Rolfe
      1. 1619 First African Laborers Introduced
    11. Transition to Slave Labor
    12. The New England Colonies
      1. Plymouth
      1. Council for New England
      2. Thomas Weston
      3. Separatists
      4. Mayflower
      5. Pilgrims
      6. Mayflower Compact
      7. William Bradford
      8. Massasoit
      9. Squanto
      10. Thanksgiving
      11. Miles Standish
    13. The City Upon a Hill
      1. Puritans
      2. John Winthrop
      3. Arbella
      4. "Great Migration"
      5. Harvard College
      6. Legislature of Assistants
    14. Dissent and Compromise
      1. Roger Williams
      1. Providence
      2. Rhode Island Colony
    15. Anne Hutchinson
      1. Antinomianism
    16. Mary Dyer
    17. Thomas Hooker
      1. Founded Hartford
      2. Connecticut Colony
    18. Daily Life in New England
      1. Townships
      2. Family Farms
      1. "Partible Inheritance"
    19. Healthier Environment
    20. Colonists and Indians: Coexistence and Conflict
      1. Cultural Contrasts
      1. Polytheism
      2. System of Reciprocity
      3. Tight Kinship and Village Groups
    21. Early Tensions in the North
      1. Pequot
      2. John Eliot's Algonquian Translation of the Bible
    22. New England Erupts
      1. Metacomet's War
      1. King Philip
      2. Mary Rowlandson
    23. Covenant Chain
    24. Southern Conflicts
      1. Bacon's Rebellion
      1. Nathaniel Bacon
      2. Governor William Berkeley
    25. Carolinas Rebellion
      1. John Culpepper
      2. George Durant

      Top



      Chapter 3: Imperial Connections, 1660-174?

      1. The Restoration Colonies
      1. The Carolinas
      1. Anthony Ashley Cooper
      2. John Locke
      3. Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina
      4. Charles Town
      5. Rice Belt
      6. William Drummond
      7. John Culpepper
    26. New York and New Jersey
      1. James, Duke of York
      2. Colonel Richard Nicolls
      3. Sir George Carteret
      4. Lord John Berkeley
      5. Third Anglo-Dutch War
      6. Edmund Andros
    27. Pennsylvania and Penn's Delaware
      1. William Penn
      2. Jeremiah Dixon
      3. Charles Mason
      4. Society of Friends
      1. George Fox
      2. Margaret Fell
    28. Frame of Government of 1681
    29. Philadelphia
    30. Lenni Lenape Indians
    31. Lower Three Counties
    32. Charter of Privileges
    33. Shaping Imperial Commerce
      1. Imperial Economies and the Colonies
      1. Casa de Contratación
      2. Dutch East India Company
      3. Dutch West India Company
      4. Acts of Trade and Navigation
      5. Staple Act
      6. Duty Act
      7. Wool Act
      8. Mercantilism
    34. The Colonial Atlantic System
      1. Transatlantic Merchants
      2. Smugglers
    35. Crises at Home and Abroad
      1. The Dominion of New England
      1. Sir Edmund Andros
    36. The Glorious Revolution
      1. James II
      2. Two Treatise of Government
      3. William and Mary
    37. Colonial Political Revolts
      1. New York
      1. Jacob Leisler
    38. Maryland
      1. Protestant Association
      2. John Coode
    39. Little Parliaments
      1. "Power of the Purse-Strings"
      2. viva voce
      3. "Passing the Sack"
      4. "Swilling the Bumbo"
    40. Witches
      1. Salem Village
      2. Salem Town
      3. Samuel Parris
      4. Tituba
      5. Salem Witch Trials
      6. William Phips
      7. Giles Cory
    41. Politics and Culture in the New Century
      1. Renewed Imperial Warfare
      1. King William's War
      1. Treaty of Ryswick
    42. Queen Anne's War
      1. Treaty of Utrecht
    43. "Kingdom of Tejas"
      1. Caddo Indians
    44. Iroquois
      1. Covenant Chain
    45. Challenging Imperial Arrangements
      1. Sir Robert Walpole
      2. Governor George Clinton
      3. "Land Banks"
      4. Currency Act
      5. Molasses Act
    46. Midcentury Warfare
      1. War of Jenkins's Ear
      1. Robert Jenkins
      2. guarda costas
    47. James Oglethorpe
    48. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
    49. Transatlantic Cultural Influences
      1. Enlightenment
      1. Sir Isaac Newton
      1. Principia
    50. John Locke
      1. Essay Concerning Human Understanding
    51. John Winthrop, Jr.
    52. Deists
    53. Benjamin Franklin
      1. Poor Richard's Almanac
      2. American Philosophical Society
    54. William Bradford
    55. John Peter Zenger
      1. New York Weekly Journal
    56. Richard Steele
      1. The Spectator
    57. Joseph Addison
      1. The Tatler
    58. John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon
      1. Cato's Letters

      Top



      Chapter 4: Colonial Maturation and Conflict, 1680-1754

      1. Growth and Diversity in the Colonies
      1. New Immigrants
      1. Scots-Irish
      2. Germans
      3. French Huguenots
    59. Families and Servants
      1. Farming
      2. The Law of Coverture
      3. Indentured Servants
    60. Varieties of Life in the North
      1. The Atlantic Economy
      1. International Trade
      2. Shipbuilding
      3. Captain William Kidd
    61. Cities and Market Towns
      1. Urban Social Structure
      1. "Better Sort"
      2. "Middlings"
      3. "Lower Sort"
      4. Slaves
    62. Boston Riots
    63. John Woolman
    64. New England
      1. "By-Employments"
      2. Connecticut
      3. Massachusetts
    65. The Mid-Atlantic
      1. New Jersey
      2. Pennsylvania
      3. Delaware
      4. New York
    66. Varieties of Life in the South
      1. The Chesapeake Colonies
      1. Virginia
      2. Maryland
    67. Slavery and the Chesapeake
      1. Dutch and British Transatlantic Slave Trade
      2. Role of Tobacco
      3. "Factors"
    68. The Carolinas
      1. Indigo
      1. Eliza Lucas Pinckney
    69. Rice
    70. Georgia
      1. James Oglethorpe
      2. John Percival
    71. Slave Work and Culture
      1. Middle Passage
      2. "Seasoned" Slaves
      3. "Task System"
      4. Gullah
    72. Maturity Brings Conflict
      1. Slave Resistance and Rebellion
      1. Mose
      1. Francisco Menendez
    73. Stono's River
    74. The Great Awakening
      1. Johnathan Edwards
      2. William Tennent
      3. Theodore Frelinghuysen
      4. George Whitefield
      5. Gilbert Tennent
      6. James Davenport
      7. "Old v. New Lights"
    75. Land in Trouble
      1. "Long Knives"
      2. "Regulators"
      3. Chief Hendrick
      4. Ethan Allen's "Green Mountain Boys"
      5. Marquis Duquesne

      Top



      Chapter 5: Forging the American Experiment, 1754-1775

      1. The Great War for the Empire
      1. Onset of War
      1. George Washington
      1. Fort Necessity
      2. Great Meadows
    76. Benjamin Franklin
      1. Plan of Union
      2. "Unite or Die"
      3. Albany Congress
    77. General Edward Braddock
    78. French And Indian War
      1. Lord Loudoun
      2. Marquis Louis-Joseph de Montcalm
      3. William Pitt
      4. George Washington
      1. Fort Pitt
    79. Treaty of Paris
    80. Tensions on the Frontier
      1. Ethan Allen
      1. Green Mountain Boys
    81. General Jeffery Amherst
    82. Neolin
    83. Pontiac
    84. Proclamation Line of 1763
    85. Paxton Boys
    86. Treaty of Hard Labor
    87. Regulator Movement
      1. William Tryon
      2. Battle of Alamance
    88. Dunmore's War
    89. Wilderness Road
      1. Richard Henderson
      2. Daniel Boone
      3. Transylvania
    90. Rethinking Empire
      1. Imperial Crisis
      2. Market and Goods
      3. Legislating Obedience
      1. Lord Bute
      1. Revenue Act
    91. George Grenville
      1. The Sugar Act
      2. Molasses Act
      3. Currency Act
      4. Quartering Act
    92. Deepening Commitment, Rising Violence
      1. The Stamp Act Crisis
      1. Stamp Act
      2. Patrick Henry
      1. Virginia Resolves
    93. The Sons of Liberty
      1. Loyal Nine
      2. Samuel Adams
      3. Stamp Act Congress
      1. Declaration of Rights and Grievances
    94. Lord Rockingham
      1. The Declaratory Act
    95. The Townshend Duties Crisis
      1. Charles Townshend
      1. The Townshend Duties
    96. John Hancock
      1. Liberty
    97. John Dickinson
      1. Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania
    98. "Circular Letter"
    99. "92"
    100. Daughters of Liberty
    101. Toward Independence
      1. The Boston Massacre
      1. Lord North
      2. Golden Hills Riots
      3. Captain Preston
      4. Crispus Attucks
      5. John Adams
      6. Josiah Quincy, Jr.
      7. James Bowdoin
      8. Paul Revere
    102. The Problem with Tea
      1. The Gaspee Incident
      2. "Committee of Correspondence"
      3. Tea Act
      4. The Boston Tea Party
      5. Coercive Acts
      1. Port Bill
      2. Government Act
      3. Quartering Act
      4. Administration of Justice Act
    103. Quebec Act
    104. Forging a Political Community
      1. The First Continental Congress
      1. Suffolk Resolves
      2. Joseph Galloway
      1. Grand Council
    105. John Adams
    106. Patrick Henry
    107. Declaration of Rights
    108. Intercolonial Association Agreement
    109. Committees of Observation and Safety
    110. Exodus and War
      1. Edmund Burke
      2. Concord
      3. Lexington
      4. Minutemen

      Top



      Chapter 6: Winning Independence, 1775-1783

      1. The Decision for Independence
      1. The Second Continental Congress
      1. Battle of Bunker Hill
      1. William Howe
    111. Fort Ticonderoga
      1. Ethan Allen
    112. Second Continental Congress
      1. Thomas Jefferson
      2. George Washington
      3. John Adams
      4. John Dickinson
      1. Olive Branch</li>
    113. Montreal and Quebec
      1. Richard Montgomery
      2. Benedict Arnold
    114. Common Sense
      1. Thomas Paine
      2. Benjamin Franklin
    115. Declaring Independence
      1. Benjamin Franklin
      2. Thomas Jefferson
      3. John Adams
      4. Caesar Rodney
    116. The Revolution in Earnest
      1. A Year of Exuberance
      1. Hessians
      2. Committee of Public Safety
      3. William Howe
      4. Washington Crossing the Delaware River
      5. Early Battles of the Revolution
      1. Battle of Long Island
      2. Battle of Trenton
      3. Battle of Princeton
    117. Philadelphia, Saratoga, and Valley Forge
      1. "Johnnie" Burgoyne
      2. Horatio Gates
      3. John Stark
      4. Battle of Saratoga
      5. Valley Forge
      6. Alexander Hamilton
      7. Baron von Steuben
      8. Marquis de Lafayette
      9. Johann Baron de Kalb
      10. Thaddeus Kosciuszko
      11. Casimir Count Pulaski
    118. The French Alliance
      1. Roderique Hortalez et Compagnie
      2. Benjamin Franklin
      3. Comte de Vergennes
      4. Battle of Monmouth Court House
      1. "Molly Pitcher"
    119. The Character of War
      1. Loyalists
      1. Governors
      1. Lord Dunmore
      2. Benning Wentworth
      3. Thomas Hutchinson
    120. Joseph Brant
    121. Tories
    122. Armies and Taxes
      1. Ladies Association of Philadelphia
      1. Esther DeBerdt
      2. Sarah Franklin Bache
    123. "Camp Followers"
    124. Nancy Hart
    125. "Continentals"
    126. Prices and Wages
      1. "Land Embargo" Laws
      2. Fort Wilson Riot
    127. Spies, Prisoners, and Evaders
      1. John Honeyman
      2. Benjamin Church
      3. Benedict Arnold
      4. John Andre "Jail Fever"
    128. The New Republican Order
      1. From Colonies to States
      1. Republic
      2. Baron de Montesquieu
      1. Spirit of the Laws
    129. The People the Best Governors
    130. Thomas Paine
      1. Common Sense
    131. John Adams
      1. Thoughts on Government
    132. The Articles of Confederation
      1. Robert Morris
      2. Bank of North America
    133. Winning the War
      1. The War in the West
      1. Catawba
      2. George Rogers Clark
      1. "Long Knives"
    134. Joseph Brant
    135. The War in the South
      1. Lord Cornwallis
      2. Patrick Ferguson
      3. Thomas Sumter
      4. Horatio Gates
      5. Comte de Rochambeau
      6. Battle of King's Mountain
      7. Nathanael Greene
      8. Francis Marion, the "Swamp Fox"
      9. Battle of Guilford Court House
      10. Battle of Yorktown
    136. Victory at Last
      1. Treaty of Paris

      Top



      Chapter 7: The Federal Experiment, 1783-1800

      1. The Critical Period
      1. Soldiers and Loyalists
      1. Newburgh Petition
      1. Horatio Gates
      2. George Washington
    137. Alexander Hamilton
    138. Servants and Slaves
      1. Elizabeth Mumbet Freeman
      2. Anthony Benezet
      3. Absalom Jones
      4. Jupiter Hammon
      5. Phillis Wheatley
      6. Gabriel Prosser
    139. Commercial Decline and Recovery
      1. Empress of China
    140. Debtor Relief and Shays' Rebellion
      1. "Stay Laws"
      2. Trevett v. Weeden
      3. Shays' Rebellion
      1. Captain Daniel Shays
      2. Luke Day
    141. Governor James Bowdoin
    142. Shaping the West
      1. Land Ordinance of 1785
      2. Manassah Cutler
      3. William Duer
      4. John Jay
      5. James Wilkinson
      6. Don Diego de Gardoqui
      7. Treaty of Fort Stanwix
      8. Treaty of Fort McIntosh
      9. State of Franklin
      10. Northwest Ordinance; July 13, 1787
    143. The National Founding
      1. Thinking Continentally
      1. Federalists
      2. Annapolis Convention
      1. Alexander Hamilton
    144. The Philadelphia Convention
      1. Edmund Randolph
      1. Virginia Plan
    145. William Patterson
      1. New Jersey Plan
    146. Roger Sherman
      1. Connecticut Compromise
    147. Federalism
    148. Elastic Clause
    149. "Three-Fifths Compromise"
    150. The Public Debate
      1. The Federalist
      1. James Madison
      2. Alexander Hamilton
      3. John Jay
    151. Anti-Federalists
      1. George Clinton
      2. Patrick Henry
      3. Mercy Otis Warren
    152. Forming a National Government
      1. The First Congress
      1. Washington's Cabinet
      1. Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson
      2. Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton
      3. Secretary of War Henry Knox
      4. Attorney General Edmund Randolph
    153. Judiciary Act of 1789
    154. U. S. Bill of Rights
    155. Hamilton's Political Economy
      1. "Report on the Public Credit"
      2. William Duer
      3. "Loose Construction"
      4. Adam Smith
      1. The Wealth of Nations
    156. Federalists Versus Democratic-Republicans
      1. Factions Harden
      1. Bank of the United States
      1. Alexander Hamilton
      2. Thomas Jefferson
    157. "Republican Societies"
    158. The Frontier Besieged
      1. Indian Intercourse Act - 1790
      2. Battle of Fallen Timbers
      1. Anthony Wayne
      2. Little Turtle
    159. Treaty of Greenville
    160. Whiskey Rebellion - 1794
    161. French and Caribbean Revolutions
      1. French Revolution
      2. Neutrality Act
      3. John Jay
      4. Thomas Pinckney
    162. Factions, Interests, and American Identity
      1. The Idea of Political Parties
      1. The Federalist No. 10
    163. The New Political Culture
      1. John Adams
      2. XYZ Affair
      3. Alien Act
      4. Naturalization Act
      5. Sedition Act
      6. Matthew Lyon
      7. Roger Griswold
      8. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
      9. Aaron Burr

      Top



      Chapter 8: Striving for Nationhood, 1800-1824

      1. Democratic-Republicans in Power
      1. Simplifying Government
      1. Thomas Jefferson
      1. "Revolution of 1800"
      2. "Simplicity and Frugality"
    164. The Judiciary and the Common Law
      1. Judiciary Act of 1801
      1. "Midnight Appointments"
    165. Impeachment of Samuel Chase
    166. Chief Justice John Marshall
      1. Marbury vs. Madison
      2. McCulloch vs. Maryland
      3. Fletcher v. Peck
      4. Dartmouth College v. Woodward
    167. Defining Politics and American Identity
      1. Connecticut Wits
      2. Philadelphia American Philosophical Society
      3. New York City Tontine Society
      4. Michel-Guillaume Jean de Crevecoeur
      1. Letters from an Farmer 1782
    168. Parson Weems
      1. Life of Washington
    169. William Hill Brown
      1. The Power of Sympathy
    170. Susanna Haswell Rowson
      1. Charlotte Temple
    171. Noah Webster
      1. American Dictionary of the English Language
    172. Government and Development
      1. James Monroe
      1. Virginia Dynasty
      2. Secretary of State John Quincy Adams
      3. Secretary of War John C. Calhoun
    173. American System
    174. Expansion and the Agrarian Republic
      1. Lands of Promise
      2. Louisiana Purchase
      1. Fredrick Jackson Turner
      1. The Significance of the Frontier in American History
    175. Land Act of 1796
    176. Land Act of 1801
    177. Napoleon
    178. Robert Livingston
    179. Aaron Burr- Alexander Hamilton Duel
    180. Lewis and Clark
      1. William Clark
      2. Meriwether Lewis
      3. Chief Black Cat
      4. Sacagawea
      5. Zebulon Pike
    181. Indian Relations
      1. Five Civilized Tribes
      2. The Society for Propagation of the Gospel
      3. Indian Intercourse Act of 1790
      4. John Ross
      5. Sequoyah
      6. Tecumseh
      7. Tenskwatawa - The Prophet
      8. William Henry Harrision
      1. Treaty of Fort Wayne
      2. Tippecanoe
    182. Battle of Horseshoe Bend
      1. Andrew Jackson
      2. David Crockett
    183. America in the World
      1. Spain in North America
      1. Father Junipero Serra
      2. Pinckney's Treaty of 1795
      3. Father Miguel Hidalgo
      4. Father Jose Maria Morelos
      5. Bernardo Gutierrez
    184. Continuing Tensions in the Atlantic Community
      1. Non-Importation Act
      2. Leopard
      3. Chesapeake incident of 1807
    185. Embargo Act
      1. Force Act
      2. Ograbme
      3. Non-Intercourse Act
      4. Macon's Bill No. 2
      5. War Hawks
      1. Henry Clay
      2. John C. Calhoun
    186. Canadian Campaigns
      1. General William Hull
      2. Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry (Military Leader)
      3. General William Henry Harrison
    187. Fort McHenry
    188. Battle of Lake Champlain
    189. Hartford Convention
    190. Treaty of Ghent
    191. Battle of New Orleans
    192. The Monroe Doctrine
      1. John Quincy Adams
      2. Era of Good Feelings

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      Chapter 9: An Emerging Capitalist Nation, 1790-1820

      1. New Social Identities
      1. Immigration and Cities
      1. Migration from the Countryside
      2. Urban Poverty
      3. Gap Between Rich and Poor Widened
        Republican Women and Families
        1. Deborah Sampson Gannett
        2. Judith Sargent Murray
        3. Benjamin Rush
        4. Mothers' Monthly Journal
      1. Emotional and Rational Awakenings
        1. Second Great Awakening
        2. William Emery Channing
        3. Lyman Beecher
        4. Samuel Hopkins
        5. Lane Theological Seminary
        6. Andover Theological Seminary
        7. American Sunday School Union
        8. Charles Grandison Finney
      2. Transforming the Empire for Liberty
        1. The Commercial Republic
        1. Robert Oliver
        2. Stephen Girard
        3. Empress of China
        4. Robert Gray
        5. Jefferson Embargo of 1807
        6. Corn Laws
      3. Roads and Turnpikes
        1. Albert Gallatin
        2. National Road
      4. Steamboats and Canals
        1. Robert Fulton
        2. Robert R. Livingston
        3. Clermont
        4. Nicholas Roosevelt
        5. New Orleans
        6. Gibbons v. Ogden
        7. Schuylkill Canal
        8. Erie Canal
        9. De Witt Clinton
        1. "Clinton's Folly"
      5. Mills and Manufactures
        1. Report on Manufactures in 1791
        2. Patent Law of 1790
        3. Oliver Evans
        4. Interchangeable Parts
        1. Simeon North
        2. John Hall
        3. Eli Whitney
      6. American System of Manufactures
      7. Standardized Parts
        1. Eli Terry
        2. Seth Thomas
        3. Chauncey Jerome
      8. "Putting Out" System
      9. Lynn, Massachusetts
      10. Samuel Slater and Family Mills
        1. Richard Arkwright
        2. Moses Brown
        3. Richard Almay
      11. New Regional Identities
        1. The Northwest
        1. Ruth Belknap
        1. "The Pleasures of Country Life"
      12. Scientific Farming
      13. The Old Northwest
        1. Robert Morris
      14. King Cotton Emerges
        1. "Black Belt"
        2. "White Gold"
        3. Cotton Gin
        1. Eli Whitney
        2. Catherine Greene
      15. Tensions in the Empire for Liberty
        1. The Missouri Crisis
        2. The Panic of 1819

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        Chapter 10: Transforming the Political Culture, 1820-1840

        1. Popular Politics
        1. Extending the Right to Vote
        1. Democracy
        2. Political Parties
      16. Popular Participation
        1. American Tract Society
        2. "Penny Press"
      17. An Older Order Passes
        1. James Monroe
        1. "Era of Good Feelings"
      18. De Witt Clinton
        1. Old Money Aristocracy
      19. Martin Van Buren
        1. "Little Magician
        2. Bucktails
      20. The Jacksonian Persuasion
        1. Gathering Momentum
        1. "Corrupt Bargain"
        1. Henry Clay
        2. John Quincy Adams
        3. William Crawford
        4. John C. Calhoun
      21. 1828 Presidential Election
        1. American System
        2. "Tariff of Abominations"
      22. Storming Washington
        1. Andrew Jackson ,"Old Hickory"
        2. First Modern Campaign
      23. Patronage, Democracy, Equality
        1. Democratic Party
        2. "Kitchen Cabinet"
        3. "Spoils System"
      24. The Experiment in Action
        1. Indian Removal
        1. George M. Troup
        2. Indian Removal Act
        3. John Marshall
        1. Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
        2. Worcester v. Georgia
      25. Massacre at Bad Axe
        1. Chief Black Hawk
      26. John Ross
      27. Winfield Scott
      28. "Indian Territory"
      29. Trail of Tears
      30. Tariffs
        1. Maysville Road Bill
        2. The South Carolina Exposition and Protest
        3. Robert Hayne
        4. Daniel Webster
        5. Ordinance of Nullification
        6. Force Act
      31. Banks
        1. Second Bank of the United States
        2. Nicholas Biddle
        3. Roger B. Taney
        4. Henry Clay
      32. Changing Legal Doctrines
        1. Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge
        2. Briscoe v. Bank of Kentucky
      33. Dissenting Strain
        1. The Whig Persuasion
        1. Daniel Webster
        2. Henry Clay
        3. John C. Calhoun
        4. Philip Hone
      34. Workingmen's Parties
        1. Thomas Skidmore
        2. New York Working Man's Party
        1. "Workies"
      35. William Leggett
        1. Locofoco Party
      36. The Panic of 1837
        1. Specie Circular
      37. The Election of 1840
        1. Martin Van Buren
        1. Independent Treasury Act
      38. William Henry Harrison
        1. "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too"
      39. Preemption Act of 1841

        40. Top



        Chapter 11: Industry and Reform in the North, 1820-1850

        1. Immigration and Urbanization
        1. Old Cities and New
        1. New York City
        1. Tammany Hall
      40. Irish Population
      41. German Population
      42. Frontier Cities
      43. Cincinnati
      44. Rich and Poor
        1. Anson Phelps
        2. John Jacob Astor
        3. "Rags to Riches"
        4. "Middling Sort"
        5. Elias Howe
        6. Isaac Singer
        7. African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church
      45. Order and Disorder
        1. Cincinnati Riots
        2. Philadelphia Riots
      46. The Accelerating Industrial Experiment
        1. Coastal and Frontier Farming
        1. Scientific Farming
        2. "By-employments"
        3. Tenant and Itinerant Laborers
      47. Transportation, Communication, Invention
        1. The Black Ball Line
        2. "Squareriggers"
        3. Rainbow
        4. Steamship Navigation Company
        5. Samuel F.B. Morse
        6. Gail Borden
        7. John Deere
        8. Cyrus Hall McCormick
        9. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
      48. Northern Labor
        1. Putting-Out System
        2. Free Labor
        3. Closed Shop
      49. The Lowell Experiment
        1. Samuel Slater
        2. "Waltham System"
        3. Lowell System
        4. Lowell Girls
        5. Seth Luther
        6. The Lowell Offerings
        7. New England Female Labor Reform Association
      50. Varieties of Social Reform
        1. Individualism and Improvement
        1. Alexis de Tocqueville
        2. Charles Grandison Finney
      51. Temperance
        1. American Society for the Promotion of Temperance
        1. Lyman Beecher
      52. American Temperance Union
      53. Martha Washington Societies
      54. Asylums and Prisons
        1. Helen Jewett
        2. Female Moral Reform Society
        3. Dorothea Dix
      55. Family Roles and Education
        1. Catherine Esther Beecher
        1. Treatise on Domestic Economy
      56. Horace Mann
      57. Oberlin College
      58. Women's Rights
        1. Seneca Falls Convention
        1. Elizabeth Cady Stanton
        2. Lucretia Mott
        3. Women's Rights Platform
      59. Susan B. Anthony
      60. Intellectual Currents
        1. Mormons
        1. Joseph Smith
        2. Nauvoo, Illinois
        3. Brigham Young
      61. Millerites
        1. William Miller
      62. Shakers
        1. Mother Ann Lee
      63. Oneida, New York
        1. John Humphrey Noyes
      64. New Harmony, Indiana
        1. Robert Owen
      65. "Phalanxes"
        1. Charles Fourier
      66. American Philosophical Society (APS)
      67. James Fenimore Cooper
      68. Washington Irving
      69. Hudson River School
        1. Thomas Cole
        2. Karl Bodmer
        3. George Catlin
      70. The Transcendentalist
        1. Ralph Waldo Emerson
        2. Henry David Thoreau
        3. Margaret Fuller
        4. Walt Whitman
      71. Nathaniel Hawthorne
      72. Herman Melville

        73. Top



        Chapter 12: Living with Slavery, North and South, 1820-1850

        1. Abolition and Antislavery Movements
        1. Gradual Emancipation and Colonization
        1. American Colonization Society
        1. Liberia
      73. Thomas Jefferson
      74. Frances Wright
        1. Nashoba, Tennessee
      75. Robert Dale Owen
      76. Immediate Emancipation and Rebellion
        1. David Walker
        1. Freedom's Journal
        2. Appeal ... to the Colored Citizens
      77. Frederick Douglass
      78. American Antislavery Society
        1. Theodore Dwight Weld
        1. Lane Theological Seminary
        2. Lyman Beecher
        3. Oberlin College
      79. William Lloyd Garrison
      80. Genius of Universal Emancipation
      81. The Liberator
      82. Arthur Tappan
      83. New England Anti-Slavery Society
      84. American Anti-Slavery Society
      85. Women and Emancipation
        1. Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society
        2. Lucretia Mott
        3. Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society
        4. Maria W. Chapman
        5. Angelina and Sarah Grimke, and Theodore Weld
        6. American Slavery as It Is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses
        7. Sojourner Truth
        8. Harriet Beecher Stowe
        9. Uncle Tom's Cabin
      86. Southern Society
        1. A Distinctive Economy
        1. Alexis de Tocqueville
        2. King Cotton
        3. William Gregg
      87. The Imperative to Expand
      88. "Black Belt"
      89. The Slave Trade
      90. Prohibit Importation
      91. Sell Slaves "Down River"
      92. "Slave Pens"
      93. African-American Culture
        1. Family and Community
        1. Slave Marriages
        2. African Traditions
        3. Religion
      94. Slave Men and Women at Work
        1. "Gang System of Labor"
        2. "Task System of Labor"
        3. Field v. House Slaves
      95. Resistance and Rebellion
        1. Underground Railroad
        2. Harriet Jacobs
        3. Thomas Garrett
        4. Harriet Tubman
        5. Revolts
        1. Gabriel Prosser
        2. Denmark Vesey
        3. Gullah Jack
        4. Nat Turner
      96. Free African-Americans
        1. Union Seminary
        1. John Cook
      97. Successful Free African-Americans
        1. Benjamin Bannaker
        2. Robert Sheridan
        3. Frances Watkins
      98. First African-American Baptist Church
        1. Absalom Jones
      99. First Methodist African-American Church
        1. Richard Allen
      100. Planters and Yeomen
        1. Planters
        1. Paternalism
        2. Plantation Mistress
      101. Yeomen and Tenants
        1. Older Tidewater Region
        2. Democratic Party
        3. Cultural and Economic Gap
      102. Defending Slavery
        1. "Necessary Evil"
        2. Thomas Jefferson's "Wolf Metaphor"
        3. U.S. Constitution
        4. Andrew Jackson's Gag Rule
        5. Elijah P. Lovejoy
        6. 1835 Washington, DC "Snow Storm"
        7. "Peculiar Institution" Justification
        1. James Henry Hammond
        2. William Harper
        3. Thomas R. Dew
        4. George Fitzhugh
        5. John C. Calhoun
      103. Liberty Party
        1. James G. Birney
      104. Hinton Helper
        1. The Impending Crisis of the South

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        Chapter 13: The Westward Experiment, 1820-1850

        1. A Great Transfer of Peoples
        1. Manifest Destiny
        1. John O'Sullivan
        2. Senator Thomas Hart Benton
      105. Sponsors, Entrepreneurs, and Settlers
        1. Fur Trade
        1. John Jacob Astor
        2. Jedediah Smith
      106. Legislation
        1. Land Act of 1820
        2. Preemption Acts of 1830 and 1841
        3. Graduation Act of 1854
      107. Explorers
        1. Zebulon Pike
        2. John C. Fremont
      108. Making the Trip
        1. Independence, Missouri
        2. Clipper Ships of the West
        3. Role of Women
      109. Indian Territory
        1. Removal
        2. Resistance
        3. Reservations
      110. Destinations and Encounters
        1. Mexico and Its Territories
        1. Presidios
        2. Texas
        1. Tejanos
        2. Vaqueros
        3. Moses Austin
        4. Santa Anna
      111. The Alamo and the Republic of Texas
        1. Stephen Austin
        2. The Battle of the Alamo
        1. Davy Crockett
        2. Jim Bowie
        3. Santa Anna
      112. San Jacinto River
        1. Sam Houston
        2. Santa Anna
      113. Oregon
        1. Eliza Farnham
        2. "Oregon Societies"
        3. Horace Greeley
        4. "Oregon Conventions"
      114. California
        1. Precidio System
        2. Mestizos
        3. Californios
        4. Johan Augustus Sutter
      115. Expansion and Sectionalism
        1. Annexation and the Election of 1844
        1. John Tyler
        2. John C. Calhoun
        3. Henry Clay
        4. 1844 Election
        5. Democratic Party
        1. James K. Polk
        2. "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight"
      116. Whig Party
        1. Henry Clay
      117. Liberty Party
        1. James G. Birney
      118. Bear Flag Republic
      119. The Mexican-American War
        1. Zachary Taylor
        2. John Slidell
        1. Secret Envoy
      120. John C. Freemont
        1. California
        2. Lansford Hastings
        1. Donner-Reed Party
      121. Colonel Stephen Kearny
        1. Sante Fe
      122. General Winfield Scott
        1. Vera Cruz
      123. Nicholas P. Trist
        1. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
      124. Internal Tensions
        1. Stephen A. Douglas
        2. Henry David Thoreau
        1. "Civil Disobedience"
      125. Ralph Waldo Emerson
      126. John C. Calhoun
      127. The Wilmot Proviso
        1. Daniel Webster
        2. David Wilmot
        3. The Liberty Party
        4. Free-Soil Movement and Party
      128. The Election of 1848
        1. Democratic Party
        1. Lewis Cass
        2. Popular Sovereignty
      129. Whig Party
        1. Zachary Taylor
      130. Free Soil Party
        1. Martin Van Buren
      131. Gold!
        1. James Marshall
        2. "Forty-Niners"
        3. "Chinatowns"
        4. Levi Strauss
        5. Comstocke Lode

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        Chapter 14: The Sectional Challenge, 1848-1860

        1. Territory and Politics
        1. Political Ambiguities
        1. Zachary Taylor
        2. Wilmot Proviso
        3. John C. Calhoun
        4. California
      132. The Compromise of 1850
        1. Henry Clay
        1. Great Pacificator
      133. John C. Calhoun
      134. Daniel Webster
      135. William Henry Seward
      136. Salmon P. Chase
      137. Millard Fillmore
      138. Stephen A. Douglas
      139. "Fire-Eaters"
      140. The Fugitive Slave Act
        1. "Personal Liberty Laws"
        2. Prigg v. Pennsylvania
        3. Underground Railroad
        4. Solomon Northrup
        1. Twelve Years a Slave
      141. Thomas Wentworth Higginson
      142. Anthony Burns
      143. Frederick Douglass
      144. The Election of 1852
        1. Whig Party
        1. Winfield Scott
      145. Democratic Party
        1. Franklin Pierce
      146. Renewed Foreign Expansionism
        1. Matthew Perry
        2. Townshend Harris
        3. "Young America" Movement
        1. Filibustero
        2. Narciso Lopez
      147. Black Warrior
        1. William L. Marcy
      148. Ostend Manifesto
      149. Nicaragua
        1. William Walker
      150. A New Party System Emerges
        1. Kansas-Nebraska Act
        1. Southern Transcontinental Railroad Route
        1. James Gadsden
      151. Northern Transcontinental Railroad Route
        1. Stephen A. Douglas</li>
      152. "Cotton Whigs"
      153. Bleeding Kansas and Know-Nothings
        1. Nativist Organizations
        1. American Party
        2. "Know-Nothings"
      154. Anti-Catholicism
        1. "Slavery, Rum, and Romanism"
      155. Proslavery Towns
        1. David Atchison
        2. Atchison, Leavenworth, and Kickapoo
      156. Free-Soil Settlements
        1. Amos Lawrence
        2. Eli Thayer
        3. Lawrence, Topeka
        4. New England Emigrant Aid Society
      157. Proslavery Raid on Lawrence
      158. Abolitionists Raid on Pottawatomie Creek
        1. John Brown
      159. "Brooks - Sumner Incident"
        1. Preston Brooks
        2. Charles Sumner
      160. The Republican Party
        1. Republican
        2. 1856 Election
        1. Democratic Party
        1. James Buchanan
      161. Republican Party
        1. John C. Fremont
      162. American Party
        1. Millard Fillmore
      163. The Slide into War
        1. Dred Scott
        1. Dred Scott v. Sandford
        1. Dred Scott
        2. John Emerson
        3. Chief Justice Taney
      164. The Lecompton Constitution
        1. President James Buchanan
        2. Senator Stephen A. Douglas
      165. Panic and Depression
        1. Panic of 1857
        2. Tariff Controversy
      166. Lincoln and the Union
        1. Lincoln's Rise
        1. Abraham Lincoln
        2. Mary Todd
        3. Henry Clay
      167. Forging Principles
        1. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
        2. Freeport Doctrine
      168. The Election of 1860
        1. Republican Party
        1. Abraham Lincoln
        2. William H. Seward
      169. Northern Democratic Party
        1. Stephen A. Douglas
      170. Southern Democratic Party
        1. John C. Breckinridge
      171. Constitutional Union Party
        1. John Bell
      172. Disunion
        1. Secession
        2. The Confederate States of America
        1. Jefferson Davis
        2. Alexander Stephens

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        Chapter 15: Transforming the Experiment: The Civil War, 1861-1865

        1. The War Begins, 1861
        1. The Search for Compromise
        1. Crittenden Compromise
        2. Frederick Douglass
      173. The Attack on Fort Sumter
        1. Fort Sumter
        1. Major Robert Anderson
        2. Lincoln and Davis' Presidential Response
        3. General P.G.T. Beauregard
      174. The Battle for the Border States
        1. Delaware, Missouri, Kentucky, and Maryland
        2. Winfield Scott
        3. Jayhawkers v. Bushwhackers
        4. Five Civilized Tribes
        1. John Ross
      175. The Balance of Power
        1. Advantages and Liabilities
        2. Anaconda Plan
        3. Southern American Revolution Analogy
      176. Stalemate on the Battlefield, 1861-1862
        1. First Battle of Bull Run
        1. General Irvin McDowell
        2. General Joseph E. Johnston
        3. General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson
      177. The Peninsular Campaign
        1. General George McClellan
        2. General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson
        3. General Joseph E. Johnston
        4. General Robert E. Lee
      178. Fighting in the West
        1. General Ulysses S. Grant
        1. Paducah
        2. Fort Henry
        3. Fort Donelson
      179. Battle of Shiloh
        1. General Albert Sidney Johnston
        2. Don Carlos Buell
      180. The Naval War
        1. Admiral David G. Farragut
        2. Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles
        3. Secretary of the Navy Stephen R. Mallory
        4. C.S.S. Hunley
        5. C.S.S. Virginia v. U.S.S. Monitor
        6. C.S.S. Alabama
      181. The Trent Affair and European Neutrality
        1. Charles Wilkes
        2. John Slidell
        3. James M. Mason
        4. Lord Henry Palmerston
      182. Antietam
        1. General Braxton Bragg
        2. General Edmund Kirby-Smith
        3. General John Pope
        4. General George McClellan
        5. General Robert E. Lee
      183. Mobilizing for War, 1861-1863
        1. Raising an Army
        1. "20-Negro Law"
        2. Governor Joseph E. Brown
        3. Congressman Thaddeus Stevens
        4. Opposition to the Draft
      184. Financing the War
        1. Treasury Secretary Salmon P. Chase
        1. Internal Revenue Act
        2. Legal Tender Act
        3. Greenbacks
      185. Treasury Secretary Christopher Memminger
      186. Presidential Leadership
        1. Abraham Lincoln
        2. Jefferson Davis
      187. War and Civil Liberties
        1. Habeas Corpus
        2. Clement L. Vallandigham
        3. Ex parte Milligan
      188. War and Society, 1861-1865
        1. The Soldier's War
        1. Charles E. King
        2. Prisoner of War Camps
        1. Andersonville
        2. Belle Isle
      189. Desertions
      190. Economic Consequences of the War
        1. Pacific Railway Act
        2. Homestead Act
        3. Morrill Land Grant Act
        4. National Bank Act
      191. Women and the War
        1. U.S. Sanitary Commission
        2. Dorothea Dix
      192. The Decisive Year, 1863
        1. Emancipation Transforms the War
        1. The Emancipation Proclamation
        2. Militia Act
        3. African American Troops
      193. Gettysburg
        1. Fredericksburg
        1. General Ambrose Burnside
        2. General Robert E. Lee
      194. Chancellorsville
        1. General Joseph Hooker
        2. General Robert E. Lee
      195. Gettysburg
        1. General George G. Meade
        2. General Robert E. Lee
        3. General George E. Pickett
      196. Vicksburg and Chattanooga
        1. Vicksburg
        1. General John C. Pemberton
        2. General Ulysses S. Grant
      197. Chattanooga
        1. General Braxton Bragg
        2. General William Rosecrans
      198. A New Experiment in Warfare, 1864-1865
        1. Waging Total War
        1. General Ulysses S. Grant
        2. Sherman's March to the Sea
        3. Spotsylvania Courthouse
        1. Winfield Scott Hancock
      199. The Election of 1864
        1. Union Party
        1. Abraham Lincoln
        2. Andrew Johnson
      200. Radical Democracy
        1. John C. Fremont
      201. Democratic Party
        1. George McClellan
      202. Sherman's March to the Sea
        1. General William T. Sherman
        2. General John Bell Hood
      203. The Collapse of the Confederacy
        1. Alexander Stephens' Delegation
        2. Appomattox Courthouse

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        Chapter 16: Reconstruction and the New South, 1864-1900

        1. Presidential Reconstruction: The First Experiment, 1864-1866
        1. The Legacy of Battle
        1. Ruin and Destruction
        2. Wealth and Prosperity
      204. Lincoln's Plan for Union
        1. Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction
        2. Radical Republicans
        1. Charles Sumner
        2. Thaddeus Stevens
      205. Wade-Davis Manifesto
        1. Benjamin Wade
        2. Henry Winter Davis
      206. Freedmen's Bureau
      207. Restoration Under Johnson
        1. Andrew Johnson
        2. Thirteenth Amendment
        3. "Black Codes"
      208. The President versus Congress
        1. Joint Committee of Fifteen on Reconstruction
        2. Civil Rights Act of 1866
        3. Freedmen's Bureau Bill
      209. Congressional Reconstruction: The Radical Experiment, 1866-1870
        1. Citizenship, Equal Protection, and the Franchise
        1. Fourteenth Amendment
        2. 1866 Congressional Elections
        1. "Swing Around the Circle"
        2. "Waving the Bloody Shirt"
      210. First Reconstruction Act
        1. Five Military Districts
      211. "Sherman's Land"
      212. Southern Homestead Act
      213. Fifteenth Amendment
      214. Reconstruction and Women's Suffrage
        1. Equal Rights Association
        1. Susan B. Anthony
        2. Elizabeth Cady Stanton
        3. Lucy Stone
      215. National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA)
      216. American Woman Suffrage Association (ASWA)
        1. Lucy Stone
      217. The Impeachment of a President
        1. Tenure of Office Act
        2. Edwin M. Stanton
        3. Salmon P. Chase
        4. Benjamin Butler
        5. Henry Stanbery
      218. The Radical Experiment in the South, 1865-1872
        1. The Southern Republicans
        1. Hiram Revels
        2. Carpetbaggers
        3. Scalawags
      219. The Republican Program
        1. New Republican Governments
        2. Efforts of Philanthropists
        1. Black Universities in the South
      220. Corruption
      221. The Meaning of Freedom
        1. Role of Religion
        2. Change in Gender Relations
      222. Sharecropping
        1. Tenant Farming
        2. "Contractual Slavery"
      223. President Grant and the Divided North, 1868-1876
        1. Ulysses Grant and the "Spoilsmen"
        1. 1868 Election
        1. Republican Party
        1. Ulysses S. Grant
      224. Democratic Party
        1. Horatio Seymour
      225. Scandals
        1. Jay Gould
        2. Credit Mobilier
        3. "Salary Grab"
        4. Whiskey Ring
        5. Orville E. Babcock
      226. The Liberal Revolt
        1. "Waving the Bloody Shirt"
        2. 1872 Election
        1. Democrats and Liberal Republicans
        1. Horace Greeley
      227. Republicans
        1. Ulysses S. Grant
      228. The Money Question
        1. "Panic of 1873"
        2. Specie Resumption Act
      229. The Failure of Reconstruction, 1870-1877
        1. The South Redeemed
        1. Redeemers
        2. Ku Klux Klan
        3. Enforcement Acts
      230. The Republican Retreat
        1. Slaughterhouse Cases
        2. U.S. v. Cruikshank
        1. Colfax Massacre
      231. U.S. v. Harris
      232. The Compromise of 1877
        1. 1876 Election
        2. Republican Party
        1. Rutherford B. Hayes
      233. Democratic Party
        1. Samuel J. Tilden
      234. Disputed Votes
      235. Joint Electoral Commission
        1. David Davis
        2. Joseph P. Bradley
      236. Compromise of 1877
      237. The New South, 1870-1900
        1. Visions of Industry
        1. "New South"
        2. Henry Grady
        3. Henry Watterson
        4. William H. Harrison, Jr.
      238. "King Cotton" and the Crop-Lien System
        1. Agricultural Credit
        2. Declining Cotton Prices
      239. The Culture of the New South
        1. Joel Chandler Harris
        1. Uncle Remus: His Songs and Sayings
      240. Mark Twain
        1. Tom Sawyer
        2. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
      241. Ruth McEnery Stuart
        1. Simpkinsville
      242. Kate Chopin
        1. The Awakening
      243. Ellen Glasgow
        1. The Deliverance
      244. The Triumph of White Supremacy
        1. Redeemers
        2. Poll Tax
        3. Literacy Tests
        4. Grandfather Clause
        5. "Jim Crow Laws"
        6. Plessy v. Ferguson
        7. Booker T. Washington</li>
          1. "Atlanta Compromise"

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        Chapter 17: Conquering the West, 1862-1900

        1. The Westward Experiment
        1. The New Migrants
        1. California and Oregon
        2. Foreign and Native-Born Migrants
      245. The Homestead Act of 1862
        1. Timber Culture Act
        2. Desert Land Act
        3. Timber and Stone Act
        4. United States v. Reynolds
      246. The Railroad and Western Expansion
        1. Promontory Point, Utah
        2. Grenville Dodge
      247. The Assault on Native American Cultures
        1. The Plains Indians
        1. Southwestern Tribes
        2. Central Plains Tribes
        3. Northern Great Plains Tribes
      248. The Indian Wars
        1. Treaty of Fort Laramie
        2. Sand Creek
        1. Chief Black Kettle
        2. John M. Chivington
        3. Nelson A. Miles
      249. William J. Fetterman
      250. William T. Sherman
      251. Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek
      252. Second Treaty of Fort Laramie
      253. Colonel George Custer
      254. Battle of Little Bighorn
        1. Colonel George Custer
        2. "Custer's Avengers"
      255. "Reforming" the Indians
        1. Helen Hunt Jackson
        1. Century of Dishonor
      256. Women's National Indian Association (WNIA)
        1. Indian Rights Association
      257. Henry Dawes
        1. Dawes General Allotment Act
      258. "Last Arrow" Pageants
      259. Experiments in Resource Exploitation
        1. The Mining Frontier
        1. Comstock Lode
        2. Coeur d'Alene
      260. Cattle Kingdom
        1. Joseph McCoy
        1. Chisholm Trail
        2. Abilene
      261. Role of Mexicans and African Americans
      262. Role of Eastern Investors
        1. William Rockefeller
        2. William K. Vanderbilt
        3. Theodore Roosevelt
      263. Short-Lived Boom Period
      264. Cultivating the Land
        1. Joseph F. Glidden
        1. Barbed Wire
      265. "Dry Farming" Techniques
      266. Oklahoma
        1. "Sooners"
      267. Timber and the Origins of Conservation
        1. Henry George
        1. Progress and Poverty
      268. John Muir
        1. Forest Reserve Act
      269. Society in the West: Experiment and Imitation
        1. Western Towns and Cities
        1. Frontier Entertainment
        1. John Hardey v. John Shannessy
        2. John Robinson
      270. Gunfighters
        1. John Wesley Hardin
        2. Doc Holliday
        3. Bat Masterson
        4. Wyatt Earp
      271. Frontier Women
        1. Eliza Farnham
        1. California, Indoors and Out
      272. The Hardships of Farm Life
        1. Western Climate
        2. Role of Women
      273. Racism in the West: The Chinese
        1. Chinatown
        2. Anti-Coolie Clubs
      274. The Hispanic Heritage in the Southwest
        1. Californios
        1. Foreign Miners Tax
      275. Hispanos
        1. Las Gorras Blancas
      276. The West and the American Imagination
        1. "The Myth of the Garden"
        1. Henry Nash Smith
        2. Hamlin Garland
        3. Edward L. Wheeler
        1. Deadwood Dick
      277. Theodore Roosevelt
        1. The Winning of the West
      278. Edward Zane Carroll Judson
        1. Buffalo Bill Cody
        1. Sitting Bull
        2. Annie Oakley
      279. The End of the Frontier
        1. Frederick Jackson Turner
        2. William H. D. Koerner
        3. The Great Train Robbery

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        Chapter 18: The Industrial Experiment, 1865-1900

        1. The Setting for Industrial Expansion
        1. Technological Innovation
        1. Alexander Graham Bell
        2. Bessemer and Open Hearth Process
      280. Thomas Edison and the "Invention Business"
        1. Thomas Edison
        1. Menlo Park
      281. William Stanley
      282. Wilbur and Orville Wright
      283. George Westinghouse
      284. Nikola Tesla
      285. Charles Brush
      286. The Railroads
        1. Technological Improvements
        1. Air Brakes
        2. Automatic Car Coupler
        3. Pullman Sleeping Car
      287. Role of Government
      288. Role of Wall Street
      289. The New Consumer Society
        1. Department Stores
        1. A. T. Stewart