The federal definition in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act states that individuals with speech and language disorders exhibit problems in communication and related areas such as oral motor functioning that adversely affect educational performance. A speech disorder is the impairment of the articulation of speech sounds, fluency, and/or voice. A language disorder is the impairment of comprehension and/or use of spoken, written, and/or other symbol systems. The following resources will help you explore this topic.

Books Published by Houghton Mifflin Company

• Hunt, N., & Marshall, K. (1999). Exceptional Children and Youth (2^nd ed.). New York: Houghton Mifflin Company - Chapter 7.
• Kirk, S.A., Gallagher, J.J. & Anastasiow, N.J. (2000). Educating Exceptional Children (9^th ed.). New York: Houghton Mifflin Company - Chapter 8.
• Ysseldyke, J.E., Algozzine, B., & Thurlow, M.L. (2000) Critical issues in special education (3^rd ed.). New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, p. 75.

Books Published by Other Companies

• Adler, S., & King, D. A. (Eds.) (1994). Oral communication problems in children and adolescents. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
• Battle, D. E. (Ed) (1998). Communication disorders in multicultural populations (2^nd ed.). Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann.
• Beukelman, D. R., & Miranda, P. (1998). Augmentative and alternative communication: Management of severe communication disorder in children and adults (2^nd ed.). Baltimore, MD: Brookes
• Boone, D. R., & Plante, E. (1993). Human communication and its disorders (2^nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
• Eisenson, J. (1997). Is my child's speech normal? (2^nd ed.). Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
• Fey, M. E., Windsor, J., & Warren, S. F. (Eds.) (1995). Language interventions preschool through the elementary years. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
• Nelson, N. W. (1998). Childhood language disorders in context: Infancy through adolescence (2^nd ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
• Owens, R. E. (1998). Language disorders: A functional approach to assessment and intervention (2^nd ed.). Boston Allyn and Bacon.
• Shames, G. H., Wiig, E. H., & Secord, W. A. (Eds.) (1994). Human communication disorders: An introduction (4^th ed.). New York: Merrill, an imprint of Macmillan.
• Wallach, G. P., & Butler, K. G. (1994). Language learning disabilities in school-age children and adolescents. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
• Watkins, R. V., & Rice, M. L. (1994). Specific Language impairments in children. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.

Journals

• America Journal of Audiology
• American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
• Asha -- American Speech and Hearing Association Journal
• Augmentative and Alternative Communication
• Child Language Teaching and Therapy
• Communication Disorders Quarterly (CEC)
• Journal of Children's Communication Development
• Journal of Communication Disorders
• Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
• Journal of speech-Language Pathology and Audiology
• Topics in Language Disorders

Fact Sheets

• National Information Center on Children and Youth with Disabilities (NICHCY) Fact Sheet -- http://nichcy.org/pubs/factshe/fs11txt.htm
• General information about Speech and Language Disorders -- http://www.kidsource.com/NICHCY/speech.html

Web site Resources

• American Speech-Language-Hearing Association -- http://www.asha.org
• Division for Children with Communication Disorders (CEC) -- http://www.cec.sped.org/
• Language, Linguistics, Speech http://www.haskins.yale.edu/Haskins/MISC/DEST/language.html
• The Federal Resource Center for Special Education (speech and language disorders) -- http://www.dssc.org/frc/index.htm

Popular Movies

• The world according to Garp (1982). Twentieth Century Fox
• A fish called Wanda (1987). Thames
• Primal Fear (1996). Paramount

Videos

• Stuttering -- http://www.fanlight.com/catalog/subject/disable.htm#hearing

Online Resource Documents

• ASHA answers questions about stuttering -- http://www.asha.org/consumers/brochures/stuttering.htm
• Children with communication disorders -- http://ericec.org/digests/e470.html
• Otitis Media (ear infection) -- http://www.nih.gov/nidcd/health/pubs_hb/otitism.htm#what
• Otitis Media, hearing, and language development -- http://www.asha.org/consumers/brochures/otitis_media.htm
• Recognizing communication disorders -- http://www.asha.org/consumers/brochures/comm_disorders.htm
• Stuttering -- http://www.nih.gov/nidcd/health/pubs_vsl/stutter.htm
• Voice problems -- http://www.asha.org/consumers/brochures/voice.htm