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| Understanding the concepts
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| 1.a.
| Chapter 19 introduces organic chemistry and polymer chemistry. When studying organic chemistry, we break down the various compounds into functional groups, the simplest of which are hydrocarbons. What are hydrocarbons?
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| b.
| Four different types of hydrocarbons are discussed in Chapter 19. What are they and what bonding characteristics are unique to each type of hydrocarbon?
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| c.
| Open the Formulas for the First Ten Straight-Chain Alkanes Table on the Web site. Do the boiling points of these alkanes increase or decrease when going from methane to n-decane? Explain.
d. What are structural isomers? For practice drawing structural isomers, do Problems 19.18 and 19.48 in the text.
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| 2.a.
| Nomenclature is a big part of organic chemistry. When naming a compound, the root name is based on the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms, with everything else off the longest chain named as substituents. Some common alkyl substituent groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, and tert-butyl. What are the structures of these substituent groups? Check your answers by opening the Most Common Alkyl Substituents Table on the Web site. For practice with hydrocarbon nomenclature, do Problems 19.26, 19.28, 19.45, 19.46, and 19.56 in the text.
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| b.
| Knowing typical reactions for various functional groups is another important part of organic chemistry. For practice with typical reactions for hydrocarbons, make sure you can do Problem 19.38 and Question 19.44 in the text.
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| 3.a.
| Open the Common Functional Groups Table on the Web site to review more complicated functional groups. For each functional group, make sure you can describe the bonding characteristics unique to each group. For practice identifying the various functional groups, do Problem 19.58 in the text.
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| b.
| What suffix ending is used to name alcohols? What do the designations primary, secondary, and tertiary indicate? Open the Some Common Alcohols Table on the Web site and label each alcohol as primary, secondary, or tertiary. For more practice, do Problem 19.62 in the text. |
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| c.
| What suffix ending is used to name aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids? For more practice with nomenclature, do Problems 19.73 a-d, 19.74, 19.81, and 19.82 in the text. Common names are often used when naming organic compounds, especially with the carboxylic acids. Open the Several Carboxylic Acids Table on the Web site to review some common carboxylic acid names.
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| 4.a.
| Differentiate between addition and condensation polymers. For a specific polymer, you should be able to draw some repeating units of a polymer given the monomer(s). Open the Some Common Synthetic Polymers Table on the Web site to see some monomers and polymers. For each monomer given, make sure you can draw the correct polymer structure and vice versa. What type of polymers are in this Table, addition or condensation?
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| 4.b.
| Open the Synthesis of Nylon Visualization on the CD. What type of polymer is nylon? Nylon is a copolymer. What does this mean? Review Figure 19.14 in the text for the structures of the monomers used to produce the nylon in the video. What small molecule is eliminated when the nylon in the video forms?
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| 5.
| Open Key Words on the CD and test your ability to define important terms presented in Chapter 19.
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| 6.
| Test your understanding of Chapter 19 by taking the ACE quizzes on the Website.
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