human resource management The set of organizational activities directed at attracting, developing, and maintaining an effective workforce

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Forbids discrimination on the basis of sex, race, color, religion, or national origin in all areas of the employment relationship

adverse impact When minority group members pass a selection standard at a rate less than 80 percent of the pass rate of majority group members

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Charged with enforcing Title VII of the Civil Rights act of 1964

Age Discrimination in Employment Act Outlaws discrimination against people older than 40 years; passed in 1967, amended in 1978 and 1986

affirmative action Intentionally seeking and hiring qualified or qualifiable employees from racial, sexual, and ethnic groups that are underrepresented in the organization

Americans With Disabilities Act Prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities

Civil Rights Act of 1991 Amends the Original Civil Rights Act, making it easier to bring discrimination lawsuits while also limiting punitive damages

Fair Labor Standards Act Sets a minimum wage and requires overtime pay for work in excess of forty hours per week; passed in 1938 and amended frequently since then

Equal Pay Act of 1963 Requires that men and women be paid the same amount for doing the same jobs

Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) Sets standards for pension plan management and provides federal insurance if pension funds go bankrupt

Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 Requires employers to provide up to twelve weeks of unpaid leave for family and medical emergencies

National Labor Relations Act Passed in 1935 to set up procedures for employees to vote whether to have a union; also known as the Wagner Act

National Labor Relations Board Established by the Wagner Act to enforce its provisions

Labor-Management Relations Act Passed in 1947 to limit union power; also known as the Taft-Hartley Act

Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 Directly mandates the provision of safe working conditions

employment at will A traditional view of the workplace that says organizations can fire their employees for whatever reason they want; recent court judgments are limiting employment at will

job analysis A systematized procedure for collecting and recording information about jobs

replacement chart Lists each important managerial position in the organization, who occupies it, how long he or she will probably remain in the position, and who is or will be a qualified replacement

employee information system (skills inventory) Contains information on each employee's education, skills, experience, and career aspirations; usually computerized

recruiting The process of attracting individuals to apply for jobs that are open

internal recruiting Considering current employees as applicants for higher-level jobs in the organization

external recruiting Getting people from outside the organization to apply for jobs

realistic job preview (RJP) Provides the applicant with a real picture of what performing the job the organization is trying to fill would be like

validation Determining the extent to which a selection device is really predictive of future job performance

training Teaching operational or technical employees how to do the job for which they were hired

development Teaching managers and professionals the skills needed for both present and future jobs

performance appraisal A formal assessment of how well an employee is doing his or her job

Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS) A sophisticated rating method in which supervisors construct a rating scale associated with behavioral anchors

compensation The financial remuneration given by the organization to its employees in exchange for their work

job evaluation An attempt to assess the worth of each job relative to other jobs

benefits Things of value other than compensation that an organization provides to its workers

labor relations The process of dealing with employees when they are represented by union

collective bargaining The process of agreeing on a satisfactory labor contract between management and a union

grievance procedure The means by which a labor contract is enforced

knowledge workers Workers whose contributions to an organization are based on what they know